• Sell Your Mineral Rights
    • Sell Oil & Gas Royalties
    • Why Sell Your Mineral Rights?
    • How to Value Mineral Rights
    • Are Your Minerals in an Active Area?
    • Four Things for Older Mineral Owners to Consider
    • Oil & Gas Slowdown: A Mineral Owner’s Perspective
  • Manage Your Mineral Rights
    • Types of Mineral Rights
    • Mineral Management
    • Locating Your Mineral Rights (and Leases)
    • Oil & Gas Royalty Statement
    • Transferring the Ownership of Mineral Rights
    • Mineral Management Books
    • Ownership Risks
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THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO

Buying Mineral
Rights


Learn where to find mineral rights for sale, how to buy them,
some common pitfalls, and more.





menu
  • Types of Mineral Rights
  • How to Buy
  • Where to Buy
  • Purchase Process
  • Due Diligence
  • Pitfalls
  • Mineral Buyer's Community
  • Online Course

OVERVIEW


Buying oil and gas mineral rights is risky and you really need to know what you are doing. The more educated you are about mineral rights and the oil and gas industry, the more likely you are to buy quality minerals at a reasonable price. This guide breaks down the basic information that every mineral buyer needs and explores types of mineral rights, where the find minerals for sale, how to buy mineral rights, valuations, due diligence, 1031 Exchanges, transferring ownership, getting into "pay status", and avoiding common pitfalls. Additionally, we offer online courses on buying mineral rights and a community for new and aspiring mineral buyers!


Let's review the basic types of mineral rights, including mineral interest, royalty interest, non-participating royalty interest, overriding royalty interest, and working interest.


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Where do you purchase mineral rights? There are multiple ways to buy minerals, the most common being at auction, from brokers, by negotiated sale, tax sales, and directly from mineral owners.


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The process of buying minerals varies depending on where you buy them. However, once an offer is accepted, transferring ownership and getting into pay status with the operator is pretty much the same.


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When buying mineral rights, due diligence is essential. We'll discuss some things to look into as well as tools and resources to help with your research.


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Owning oil and gas royalties and mineral rights is risky - especially when you fork out money to buy minerals rather than inherit them. We'll discuss some common risks and pitfalls to look out for when buying minerals.


Learn more


We all know that "Cash is King," but how do you buy minerals when you don't have enough cash? And how can a 1031 Exchange help?


Learn more

Types of Mineral Rights


Found in Auctions and Other Mineral Listings

There are many types of mineral rights. Because working interest involves operating and well and paying expenses, this guide will focus on non-working interest. These are the types of mineral rights that are commonly available for sale:


When mineral interest (MI) is listed for sale, it usually refers to non-producing minerals. This means that there are no oil or gas wells on the property, and therefore, the owner does not receive royalty checks. Perhaps, one day in the future, an exploration and production (E&P) company may lease the mineral rights and try to drill a well. Some wells are successful, while others are not.


When "royalty interest" is listed for sale, it refers to producing minerals with an active oil or gas well. The royalty interest owner should be receiving royalties on the sale of oil and gas - based on the owner's decimal interest in the well. When the oil and gas lease ends, the royalty interest ends, and the mineral interest owner can re-lease the mineral rights.


The combination of mineral interest and royalty interest indicates the seller is selling both the mineral interest (usually with executive rights) and royalty interest in a producing property with revenue. If you buy both the mineral and royalty interest, you will still own the mineral rights when the current least expires.


Like royalty interest (RI), Overriding Royalty Interest (ORRI) ends when the lease ends. You will only own interest for the duration of the lease - so don't buy something that is about to be plugged!


Wellbore only interest is similar to royalty interest, but rather than receiving royalties on all wells in the lease; you will only receive royalties on the sale of production from one or more specific wellbores. When the well stops producing, your interest ends.


Learn more about the types of mineral rights

Finding Mineral Rights for Sale


Auctions, Brokers, Sealed Bids, Negotiated Sales, and Other Listings


Finding Mineral Rights for Sale

Mineral purchases are often conducted behind closed doors. However, you can also find minerals listed for sale through auctions, from brokers, via negotiated sales, sealed bids, tax sales, and directly from mineral owners.

Mineral Rights Auctions, Brokers, and Listings


The easiest way to buy mineral rights is through a reputable auction house. The quality and price of mineral rights sold at auctions vary widely. You will find rip-offs with a 60-year return on investments (ROIs) as well as high-quality assets at a reasonable market price. You have to be educated enough to know the difference and be willing to put in the due diligence of thoroughly researching each listing before you bid.

Accredited vs. Unaccredited Investors
There are two main categories of bidders: accredited and unaccredited investors.

Some auctions, such as EnergyNet, are only open to accredited investors, and they will call your financial advisor to make sure you meet the qualifications. Other auctions are open to all investors regardless of qualifications.

Types of Auctions
The auctions that are open to all investors (not just accredited) vary considerably. Some auctions will specialize in oil and gas mineral assets while others will sever fee-simple farmland and auction the surface and minerals as separate listings. You might even find minerals included in general auctions that are selling estate goods or in local small-town auctions.

Auction Frequency
Some online oil and gas royalty auctions are on a rolling cycle, with multiple lots ending each week or even bi-weekly. Other auction houses hold quarterly events, coordinating in-person auctions with a live stream video feeds and online bidding.

Negotiated Sales & Sealed Bids
Mineral brokers often negotiate sales, acting as the middle-man between buyer and seller. Very often, sealed bid and negotiated sales are for larger properties, valued at 6-7 figures. You can expect to see an extensive data room to facilitate due diligence.

Negotiated sales also come into play when an auction closes without meeting the reserve. In this scenario, the account manager will try to facilitate a deal between the high bidder and seller in a negotiated sale. If a deal cannot be reached, the account manager may reach out to the other bidders.

Interestingly, the University of Chicago's paper, "Relinquishing Riches: Auctions vs
Informal Negotiations in Texas Oil and Gas Leasing
" indicates that auctions facilitate better matches between land and the firms that can use it most productively(oil and gas companies). This study looked at working interest, but it would be interesting to see a similar study for royalties and overrides.

Where to Buy Mineral Rights


Mineral rights can be purchased at auction, through sealed bids, negotiated sales, and directly from mineral owners.

SourceAccredited Investors Only?Price RangeFocusAuctionSealed BidNegotiated SalesListing
EnergyNet✓$50 - MillionsAll O&G Producing States✓✓✓✗
Oil & Gas Asset Clearinghouse✓$200 - MillionsAll O&G Producing States✓✓✓✗
Mid-Content Energy Exchange✓KS, TX, OK, LA, CO✓✗✗✗
Simon Energy Assets✗TX✗✓✓✗
Wiggins Auctioneers✗OK, KS✓✗✗✗
Mineral Focus✗All O&G Producing States✗✗✗✓
Mineral Marketing✗150K - 50 MillionAll O&G Producing States✓✓✓✗
Mineral Insight✗All O&G Producing States✗✗✗✓
Evanson Auctioneers✗KS✓✗✗✗
America's Choice Royalty Partners✗PA, OH, WV✗✗✓✗
RealX✓All O&G Producing States✗✗✗✗
LandGate✗All O&G Producing States✗✗✗✗
Energy Advisor's Group✗AllAll O&G Producing States✗✓✓✗


EnergyNet is probably the most popular online mineral auction. EnergyNet offers a continuous auction, with small properties selling for a few hundred dollars to larger properties selling for several hundred thousand dollars.

During the first quarter of 2020 EnergyNet sold $4,836 assets for more than 78 million dollars at auction, through negotiated sales, and sealed bids.

EnergyNet is only for accredited investors. They will contact your financial advisor to confirm your status as an accredited investor and verify that you have sufficient funds to meet your bid allowance.



Oil & Gas Asset Clearinghouse has been selling minerals since 1992 and offers a continuous online auction, private sale listings, and negotiated transactions.

OGAC does not require banking information to sign up for a buyer's account, making them accessible to buyers who may not be eligible for EnergyNet.

Additionally, Oil & Gas asset Clearinghouse 's primary goal is to put deals together - online or offline. If they know what you are looking for, they will keep you in mind when they come across a relevant property.



Mid-Continent Energy Exchange (MCEE) offers an ongoing bid-exchange auction with bi-monthly live auctions containing a variety of mineral rights located in Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, and other mid-content oil and gas states.

Mid-Content Energy Exchange has an online bidding system so internet bidders can participate in the live auction (via simulcast) without being there in person.



Simon Energy Associates (SEA) is an independent firm specializing in the divestiture of energy assets. SEA sells mineral rights through negotiated sales and sealed bids. They have well-researched, thorough data rooms to felicitate your due diligence.

Simon Energy does not require buyers to be accredited investors, but most of their properties range from $500,000 to 10 million dollars.



Wiggins Auctioneers is a well-known auction service based in Oklahoma. They are open to the public, and bidders do not have to be accredited investors.

Every few months, Wiggins auctions off various properties in Oklahoma and Kansas. They usually sever the minerals from the surface and sell each separately.



Mineral focus connects buyers and sellers without taking a commission or charging a fee. They list land with mineral rights as well as minerals without surface rights.

Mineral Focus does not participate in the negotiation - they introduce buyers and sellers via a free online listing service.



Mineral Marketing follows a traditional real estate model, but for mineral rights. They sell minerals, operating rights, and equipment in transactions between $150,000 and 50 million.

Mineral Marketing negotiates deals between buyers and sellers with occasional live and online auctions.



America's Choice Royalty Services (ACRS) is a licensed brokerage focusing on the Marcellus and Utica shale plays of the Appalachian Basin.

ACRS has a network of mineral buyers ranging from large hedge funds managers to private investors. They help buyers find what they are looking for while assisting sellers in capitalizing on a valuable asset despite the lack of drilling and infrastructure.



Evenson Auctioneers is a Kansas based auction service that holds periodic oil and gas mineral auctions. Auctions are open to the public, and 20% of the sales price needs to be paid at the time of the auction.

Evanson has an email list to notify buyers of upcoming auctions.



The Energy Advisors Group provides mineral buyers with a personal buying experience. EAG facilitates off-market and on-market negotiated sales and sealed bids for mineral properties throughout the United States. EAG also provides buy-side services and can help mineral buyers source capital. They have been around for a long time, and through their contacts, can help you find exactly what you are looking for.



LandGate is a new marketplace for mineral, wind, solar, water, and other property rights. LandGate provides free listings of mineral and other land resources for sale throughout the United States. They also provide valuation services and a SaaS solution that helps buyers sellers determine the value of various property rights.



RealX makes it easy to buy, sell and lease property rights including, oil and gas, wind, solar, timber, cell towers, pipelines, transmission lines, and agriculture. They do not represent the buyer or the seller, instead, RealX provides a platform for buyers and sellers to connect.

Process of Buying
Mineral Rights


From research to ownership transfer

Mineral Rights Purchase Process


Purchasing mineral rights from any source follows the same general process of research, making an offer (or placing a bid), wiring funds, transferring ownership, getting into pay status, and mineral management.

  • 1

    Plan

    Develop a Plan

    Develop an acquisition plan and preferred location to buy minerals. For some people, it'll be whatever they can find for less than "x" number of months ROI. For others, it's a specific type of interest in a specific area. It's usually wise to diversify your mineral portfolio.

  • 2

    Browse

    Browse Minerals for Sale

    Look through the auctions, sealed bids, negotiated sales, and minerals for sale listings on the websites above to get a sense of what is available and see what fits into your acquisition plan.

  • 3

    Research

    Perform Due Diligence

    Once you find some listings that interest you, do your research. Thorough due diligence is essential. Look up the property on the state's oil and gas regulatory commission's website (and GIS viewer). View the production (if any) as well as offset production. Overlay maps of the mineral location and drilling activity. Look at the lease terms. Run the title to verify ownership and interest amount. And more.

  • 4

    Offer/Bid

    Make an Offer or Place a Bid

    Once you have identified a good mineral property to purchase or bid on, submit your offer or place a bid. Each platform will have its own process that you need to follow.

  • 5

    Pay

    Wire Funds

    If you are the winning bidder or your offer was accepted, you will probably receive an invoice and have two or three business days to wire the funds and pay for your new minerals. Once the payment is received, the mineral conveyance or deed will be signed and sent to you or sent to the county clerk's office for recording (and then forwarded to you).

  • 6

    Transfer

    Transfer Ownership

    Some firms send the conveyance document or deed to the county clerk where the minerals are located for recording. Others send you the original documents, and you need to have them recorded with the county clerk. If you purchased producing minerals, a copy of the recorded document needs to sent to each operator to transfer the minerals into your name and get into pay status. You may also want to send a copy to the tax appraisal office. Once the ownership is transferred, the operator will send out new division orders, which you need to review, sign, and send back with a form W9 (for future tax reporting).

  • 7

    Manage

    Manage Your New Minerals

    Make sure you know what you own and keep good records. Original documents should be well-organized in folders, and digital copies should be placed in digital folders. You should also have a spreadsheet, detailing everything you own. Download a free mineral management spreadsheet. Alternatively, there several good mineral management software packages that can be helpful.

Due Diligence


For Mineral Rights Buyers

Mineral Buying Due Diligence


Extensive due diligence is essential for anyone buying mineral rights. Skipping this step can result in obtaining a bad investment or even buying interest from someone who doesn't even own it!

So, where do you start?

Experienced mineral buyers each have their own individual due diligence process, but most probably include some variation of the following:
  • Geology and engineering review
  • Production analysis
  • ROI analysis
  • Lease & operator review
  • Royalty statement analysis and future cash flow estimates
  • Title runs
  • Outgoing conveyance review

Some of the mineral acquisition and divestiture (A&D) firms have land departments with landmen, petroleum engineers, and geologists who perform due diligence on new mineral acquisitions. Other firms consist of a single, experienced individual who does the research themselves. Private mineral buyers will sometimes do the research themselves, but often enlist the professional services landmen, geologists, reservoir engineers, CPAs, and attorneys.

The amount of information available will also vary, depending on the source of the minerals. The more popular auctions and brokers have data rooms with pertinent documents. Smaller auctions may have less information available. When you buy from mineral owners directly, or "minerals for sale" listings, you will probably have to acquire relevant documents needed for sufficient due diligence.

Texas Railroad Commission's Public GIS Viewer

ShaleXP Map of Martin County, TX (with RRC GIS overlay)

Geology Review


The first thing to look at is the geology of the mineral rights in question. It's almost shocking how often you see non-producing minerals for sale in areas where there is no oil or gas (or very little).

Even in known oil and gas producing counties, drilling activity and production vary dramatically from one part of the county to another. It is important to see exactly where the minerals are located.

Sometimes a quick look at the geology and production maps will tell you if the minerals for sale are worth a closer look.

Start with a few google searches - especially if the county is unfamiliar.

  • Google "[county] oil and gas map" or "[county] drilling activity".
  • View ShaleXP's production graphs and maps
  • Google the shale maps in the area of interest

ShaleXP is an excellent resource for quickly checking the oil and gas production graphs and maps for each state and county. You can also find useful maps by googling the county plus words like "oil map," "drilling activity," or "shale map."

Overlaying multiple maps and adjusting the opacity of each layer can reveal some interesting and insightful information. Try overlaying your most detailed maps with the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) map and the regulatory body's GIS map.

Looking at maps in this way can show you if the property for sale is in:

  • The core of the basin
  • A highly productive area
  • An upcoming drilling area
  • Just outside the desirable area
  • A non-producing area

This information may help you decide that one property is worth more than another or that a particular property isn't worth looking into. If you determine the minerals are worth a closer look, it may be worthwhile to seek a geologist or reservoir engineer's opinion.

Production Analysis


A production analysis may help you decide that one property is worth more than another or that a particular property isn't worth buying. If you determine the minerals are worth a closer look, it may be worthwhile to seek a geologist or reservoir engineer's opinion - especially in high-value minerals.

Each oil and gas producing state has a regulatory commission. You can use the legal description to locate the minerals in the state's interactive GIS viewer.

Once you have located the tract of land under which the minerals are located, look to see how many (if any) wells are on the property. Are they active, dry holes, or plugged wells? Are the wells vertical or horizontal?

You should be able to look at each individual well and see information such as:

  • Well API
  • Spud date
  • Status (active, plugged, etc)
  • Field
  • Formation
  • Operator
  • Well type (oil, gas, etc)
  • Well logs
  • Drilling and disposal permits
  • Test data
  • Production data
  • And more

Look through this data carefully - especially the production data. Then, look at the off-set (surrounding) wells. Note the following details:

  • Production history
  • Well lifespan
  • Peak production, 2 years later, and current production
Plot the decline curve. How does it compare with offset wells that are near vs those further away? How does it compare with other areas of the county? There are software tools, such as PetroBase Explorer, that will estimate the future decline. This can help you forecast future revenue and a target acquisition price.

Using a GIS viewer to locate minerals on a map and access production history.

ROI Analysis


Return on Investment (ROI) analysis will tell you approximately how long it will take to make your money back.

Generally, you can estimate the monthly revenue based on the last 3 - 6 months of revenue, taking into consideration the age of the well. Don't assume the revenue earned during the first few months of production will continue through the life of the well. Oil and gas wells decline steeply, especially horizontal wells. You'll have to use your experience, the age of the well, and production data to make this estimate. There are tools that can help you estimate the decline curve and future revenue. If the well is new, base the sale price on what you think the well will "settle" at - not the current revenue. Otherwise, you may never make your money back.

Divide the sales price by the estimated monthly revenue to figure out how long it will take to make a return on your investment.

If you can buy mineral rights for the standard 36 - 60 months of revenue, you'll have a better chance of getting a return on your investment.

Lease and Operator Review


There are a few operators with terrible reputations, and many mineral buyers avoid them because they aren't worth the extra headache and potential legal battle.

If you are considering buying producing minerals, look to see who the operator is. If they are not familiar, look at their website (many have investor information detailing their upcoming plans). You may be able to find out if they plan to continue drilling operations in the area.

You should also examine the lease in detail. Read it thoroughly and look at each clause. Unfortunately, most mineral owners do not hire an attorney to negotiate the lease on their behalf, resulting in lease terms that favor the operator. For example, the lease may hold multiple tracks of land as long as a single well is producing. The lease might allow the operator to use the gas free of charge (some operators run their frack fleets at the mineral owner's expense). There are many clauses in the lease that could potentially be problematic. You have to decide if these are deal-breakers or if the purchase price should be adjusted.

The best way to avoid problematic leases is to buy mineral interest in non-producing minerals. If an exploration and production (E&P) company decides to drill on your property, you will negotiate the lease (ideally with the help of an attorney). However, non-producing minerals are extremely risky. You may be waiting for decades (or generations) for someone to come by and drill a well - if ever. It may be worth hiring a reservoir engineer to analyze the property.

For more information, check out our guide on producing vs non-producing mineral rights.

Royalty Statement & Check Review


The royalty checks and accompanying statements will give you a good idea about the monthly revenue. The interest listed on the royalty statements should match the division order and the interest calculated from the title search. Some buyers omit a title search when the seller is in pay status, assuming that the operator has already done the research. However, it's always best to run the title. Mistakes happen, and sometimes mineral owners own more or less than what is on their check subs. As one operator sells to another operator, errors can occur if data is transferred incorrectly.

If the mineral owner has a cost-free lease, that should also be reflected in their royalty statement.

Example oil and gas royalty statements.

Land patent, title records, and plat

Title Search


Title searches are perhaps the most difficult, time-consuming, and expensive part of due diligence. Yet they are essential. Very often, especially when buying directly from mineral owners, title searches reveal that the owner actually owns far less than they expect.

You will need to trace the title back to the original land patent (the first time the land was granted from the government). This is why most companies take an average of 60 days to close on a mineral property. With auctions and negotiated sales, you often have 2-4 weeks to do your research.

Of course, when you bid in a mineral rights auction, you run the risk of having done all this research only to be outbid. It's a common problem and one of the bigger challenges with buying minerals at auction.

Outgoing Conveyance Review


Some auctions/brokers include the outgoing conveyance in the data room. If this is available, look it over. Make sure the legal descriptions match and the expected rights are conveyed or deeded.

Sometimes a listing will be for royalty interest (RI), but when you look at the conveyance language, mineral interest (MI) and royalty interest (RI) are conveyed. Sometimes what is conveyed is interest in one or more wellbores rather than all the oil, gas, and other minerals in a specific tract of land or associated with a particular lease.

You can't assume the outgoing conveyance (or even the source conveyance) means the seller owns the minerals. Anyone can create a mineral deed or conveyance, but it doesn't mean the minerals were not previously reserved or deeded to someone else.

Be especially careful when dealing with Relinquishment Acts Lands in Texas, where the state may own the mineral rights.

Sample mineral deed.

Risks Associated with
Buying Minerals


Avoid these common pitfalls

Pitfalls to Avoid


Investing in oil and gas is risky. The six risks below are just a starting place - to give you something to consider as you look through mineral listings. This information is for educational purposes and should not be considered professional advice. Each situation is unique. For specific information and advice, consult an oil and gas attorney or landman.



1

Buying Interest in New Wells

New oil and gas wells decline sharply (especially horizontal wells). The royalties from the first few months of production should not be used to value the property. It is quite common for a 1-year old well to produce 1/2 or even 1/3 of its initial production. A valuation based on the first 6-12 months of production will result in dramatically overpaying for the interest. You may never get a return on your investment.

2

Buying Interest in Old Wells

Hydrocarbons are finite resources. Successful conventional wells generally produce smaller amounts of oil and gas for long periods of time. The newer horizontal wells produce large quantities of hydrocarbons, but only a few years. Buying interest in a well that is near the end of its life is risky. It may be plugged and abandoned before you get a return on your investment. And if your interest terminated with the lease, you no longer have the ability to generate income in the future.

3

Buying Non-Producing Minerals

Non-producing minerals are mineral rights in a tract of land that does not have an active oil or gas well. Without revenue, there are no royalties. The minerals may remain non-producing for decades, or generations. Many non-producing minerals will never be drilled. Others will be drilled but will result in a dry hole or well with a short economic life. On the other hand, buying non-producing mineral rights in active shale plays can be a good investment - if you pick the right location.


4

Poor Due Diligence

More often than not, mineral owners don't really know what they own. The onus is on the buyer to do conduct extensive due diligence before purchasing minerals. Poor due diligence may result in your purchasing minerals from someone who doesn't actually own any minerals (or who owns only a small fraction of what they thought they owned). It's risky - especially when buying non-producing mineral rights.

5

Poor Lease Terms

Most mineral owners do not hire an attorney to negotiate lease terms. This is a huge mistake and usually leaves money on the table. One of the many terrible, but common lease terms is giving free gas to the operator in order to run the well. Some operators have started running their frack fleets on natural gas, and guess who is financing that? Buying mineral rights with poor lease terms exposes you to additional risk.

7

Buying Working Interest

If you don't thoroughly understand the different types of mineral rights and accidently buy working interest, you now have the responsibility of operating the well and paying all the expenses (including the mineral owners)! Non-operated working interest owners are not involved with the day-to-day operations but are still obligated to pay their share of the expenses. For this reason, a lot of buyers stick with mineral interest (MI), royalty interest (RI), overriding royalty interest (ORRI) and non-participating royalty interest (NPRI).

Financing Mineral Purchases


And other money-related topics

Cash is King


As they say, "Cash is King". Most mineral purchases and auctions require payment in full within two or three business days (sometimes with 20% down on at the time of the auction).

Oil and gas purchases are so risky that the most popular auctions and brokers only sell to accredited investors. It makes it difficult for non-accredited investors to purchase minerals at a reasonable ROI.

In a way, it's the old catch-22 where it takes money to make money.

Under federal securities laws, an accredited investor is a natural person:

  • With an earned income that exceeded $200,000 (or $300,000 together with a spouse)
  • As they say, "Cash is King". Most mineral purchases and auctions require payment in full within two or three business days (sometimes with 20% down on at the time of the auction). Oil and gas purchases are so risky that the most popular auctions and brokers only sell to accredited investors. It makes it difficult for non-accredited investors to purchase minerals at a reasonable ROI. In a way, it's the old catch-22 where it takes money to make money. Under federal securities laws, an accredited investor is a natural person:

You should only use money that you don't "need" to buy mineral rights. If losing the money would be a financial hardship or cause you emotional strain, then you shouldn't spend it.

That being said, there are Acquisitions and Divestiture (A&D) firms and publicly traded companies that use private equity to finance mineral purchases. There are also groups of individuals and companies that join together to purchase a bigger property - each receiving a proportionate share based on their capital contribution. Some companies that sell or facilitate the sale of mineral rights also help buyers secure financing.

1031 Exchange


A 1031 exchange allows investors to avoid paying capital gains taxes when selling an investment property and reinvesting the proceeds into a "like-kind" property within certain time limits. The new property must be of equal or greater value.

Because like-kind property is defined according to its nature or characteristics rather than quality or grade, there is a broad range of exchangeable real properties. Vacant land can be exchanged for mineral rights. Commercial properties can be exchanged for industrial property, and so on. However, the property must be an investment property - not something for personal use or resale.

In order to execute a 1031 exchange, the replacement property should be of equal or greater value and must be identified within 45 days of selling the original property. The exchange must be concluded within 180 days.

The following rules apply to 1031 exchanges:

  • The three-property Rule: Identify three properties as potential purchases.
  • The 200% Rule: Identify unlimited replacement properties (as long as their cumulative value doesn’t exceed 200% of the value of the property sold).
  • The 95% Rule: Identify as many properties as you want as long as you acquire properties valued at 95% of their total or more.

1031 Exchanges can be complex require a qualified intermediary to complete the process, but if you regularly buy and sell mineral rights or real estate, a 1031 exchange can be a beneficial tax strategy.


About Blue Mesa Minerals

We buy producing and non-producing minerals

in Texas, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, North Dakota, and

other oil and gas producing states.


We also buy wind energy royalties from landowners who host wind turbines on their property.


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